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Thursday, March 15, 2012

TALI DAN GELOMBANG GITAR

Frekuensi asal tali gitar adalah berkadar langsung kepada punca kuasa ketegangan (tension), berkadar songsang kepada panjang dan juga kepada punca kuasa jisim per unit panjang. Penghitungan untuk jisim berbeza dan ketegangan tali yang sama panjang akan menghasilkan kenyaringan berbeza pada tali-tali gitar.

Kenyaringan setiap tali gitar diciptakan dengan merendahkan fret kebawah, sekaligusmemendekkan panjang gitar secara efektif.Panjang tali baru ni akan menjadi L [1 - 1/(21/12)]dimana, L adalah panjang tali pada fret terahir atau L/17.817. Kalkulus ini difikirkan dengan mengenalpasti interval semitone atau hubungan diantara dua antara 12 not yang menghasilkan skala kromatik, iaitu 212 . Dengan ini, selepas 12 kali, panjang tali gitar tinggal separuh, sekaligus menciptakan octav (frekuensi dua kali hertz).

Bagaimana boleh terjadi tali gitar beralun dengan pluck mudah? Nisbah tinggi relatif daya melintang dan membujur sepanjang tali membuat plat hadapan dan papan jari/bridge beralun, manakala daya membujur membuatkan plat belakang dan rongga udara akan lebih beralun juga. Daya ini boleh dikira menggunakan formula FT = (T0 + dT)sinø, dan FL = T0 + EA/L0 dLdimana:
T= ketegangan
ø= adalah sudut antara tali dan leher gitar
E= modulus elektrik tali gitar
A= luas kawasan rentas gitar
L= panjang tali gitar

Tambahan lagi, kaedah cara picking/memetik gitar juga mempengaruhi bunyinya. Terlalu banyak daya yang bereaksi antara satu sama lain dalam pelbagai cara kompleks yang wujud. Pada gitar yang ringan, pergerakan harmonik mudah dapat dikesan, tetapi bunyi dihasilkan mewakili "gelombang sinø " adalah berbeza daripada gitar itu. Kesemuanya adalah kualiti unik gitar yang sebenarnya membuat gitar berbunyi seperti sepatutnya.




Sumber: Ian Billington (www.ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu)
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2 comments:

husnałabuz said...

thank you for that. Very useful in physics

May 5, 2020 at 4:10 PM
Nur Ainnie said...

Welcome hope can help you better.

May 10, 2021 at 11:51 AM

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