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Friday, March 16, 2012

APA RAHSIA GITAR??? Ketahui Rahsia Fizik Gitar Akustik....


Gitar telah wujud dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lain sejak dari abad lalu lagi, dan prinsip tentang bagaimana gitar berfungsi boleh digunakan dalam muzik instrumen sejak orang zaman batu dulu menarik tali pada busarnya (panah) dan mendengar bunyi.

Gitar adalah satu perkembangan idea yang mudah untuk menciptakan siri tali yang diikat tegang dan diletakkan pada sebuah badan berlubang yang besar tuk mengalunkan sebuah bunyi. Terdapat juga beberapa stail gitar masing-masing mempunyai bunyi yang berbeza. Dua model paling biasa pada akustik gitar ialah "gitar klasikal gunakan tali nylon" dan juga "gitar folk gunakan tali steel". Masing-masing mempunyai bunyi unik terhasil dari material tali, komposisi badan dan juga ruang udara antara mereka.

Ada enam tali pada badan gitar, setiapnya dengan not terbuka iaitu E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, and E4, dan masing-masing memiliki frekuensi 82 Hz, 110 Hz, 147 Hz, 196 Hz, 247 Hz, 330 Hz. Frekuensi ini mewakili ton asal setiap string. Apa yang membuat gitar berbunyi seperti sepatutnya ia bunyi adalah kerana frekuensi-frekuensi lain melapisi setiap tali tersebut ataupun overtone(ton terbitan) hadir. Susunan overton ini ada kekuatan mereka akan membuat gitar mempunyai bunyi berbeza dari alat lain contohnya trombone. Lagipula, susunan overton ini agak mustahil akan berulang dan begitulah setiap instrumen mempunyai bunyi berbeza. Setiap not yang tidak ketara akan berubah dari lokasi tepat pada tali gitar yang dipluck keatas daya, arah dan usia tali gitar kedua-duanya tidak akan berfungsi dan pada gitar tersebut kesemuanya akan mempunyai efek/kesan yang sama terhadap bunyi yang dimainkan. Tali-tali gitar ni kemudiannya dipindahkan bunyi mereka kedalam badan gitar dimana bunyi-bunyi ni akan menyusun alunan dalaman dalam lubang/ruang udara yang dihasilkan oleh badan gitar dan meyebabkan "plat belakang" dan "plat hadapan" bergetar. Getaran ini menyebabkan udara
termanpat dan merambat membuatkan pemampatan gelombang dalam udara yang ditafsirkan oleh telinga kita sebagai bunyi.
Sebab inilah kita akan mudah mengenal bunyi gitar.....

Perbincangan lebih lanjut kita akan melihat bagaimana tali gitar, badan gitar dan lubang udara berfungsi. Click pada link tersebut tuk pembacaan selanjutnya.




Sumber: Ian Billington (www.ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu)
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